1. Arenas
- More efficient main lighting system (e.g. replacing HID lighting systems with energy-efficient fluorescent lighting)
- Low emissivity ceiling
- Increase brine temperature resulting from low e ceiling water-cooled refrigeration system connected to heat pumps and heat exchangers to recover rejected heat
- Integration of the refrigeration system into the heating and ventilation system
- Brine pump control (brine pump sequenced with the compressors)
- Turn off the brine pump at night and during no-load periods
- Conversion of the brine circuit from 2 to 4 passes beneath the concrete slab and the associated decrease in pump power
- The use of two- or variable-speed brine pumps
- Desiccant dehumidification
- Infrared heaters to heat only spectators and not the ice area
- Limit HVAC air movement over the ice
- Demand control ventilation for building (CO₂ control)
- Recover waste heat from compressors and exhaust fans
- Limit number of compressors operating at one time to save demand charge
2. Pools
- Covering the pool with a pool cover when it is not in use is the single most effective way to reduce pool heating costs
- Surface chemical covering for reducing heat loss
- Solar pool-heating systems
- High-efficiency conventional pool heating systems with steady state efficiencies as high as 97%. Heat pump pool heaters with coefficients of performance (COP) in the ranges of 6.0 to 8.0 when operated in warm weather. A COP of 6.0 is 600% more efficient than an electric resistance heater
- Energy-efficient pumps and motors
- High-efficiency compact fluorescent lights
- Reduce water-heating costs in the shower area by lowering shower temperatures to 35 °C (95°F). This will not only lower energy costs, but will shorten the amount of time people spend in the shower
- Low flow shower heads
- Installing aerators for lavatory faucets
- Insulate the shower water heaters
- Heat recovery from pool and showers wastewater using a Gravity-Film Heat Exchanger (GFX)
3. Water Treatment Plans
- Reduce system demand by encouraging the consumer to use water more efficiently. Some areas to emphasize are:
- Water efficient household appliances
- Efficient use of lawn/garden watering
- Leak detection and repair
- Low flow toilets
- Low flow showerheads
- Industrial water reuse
- Installing metering systems can save 10 percent of energy costs simply through behavioral changes pay (according to what you use)
- Evaluate pump performance and baseload the most efficient pumps
- Consider solids screening at wastewater treatment plants for recycling as compost and reducing capacity requirements for the system
- Leak and loss reductions.
- Pump impeller trimming to match flow requirements
- Equipment upgrades for old inefficient equipment
- Use low-friction pipe
- Use high efficiency motors for pumps
- Use adjustable speed drive for motors with variable loads
- Use capacitors for improving the power factor
4. Street Lights
- Evaluate lighting density/km2
- Retrofit streetlights with lower wattage full cut-off flat lens fixtures
- Use photocells
- LED park and street lighting
- Electronic ballast conversion for HPS standard lighting — save 20%
- Remote lamp control (handheld unit or radio frequency) to adjust lighting level according to need
- Photovoltaic collector lighting system for bus stop lighting
5. Traffic Signals
- Upgrade existing incandescent traffic signals to energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) traffic signals
6. Holiday Season Lighting
- The energy efficient LED strings are superior to standard incandescent light strings in that they:
- use up to 95% less energy
- last up to 7 times longer
- are more durable, with no filaments or glass bulbs to break
- produce very little heat, reducing the risk of fire
- Timers and photocells can save energy and money by automatically turning lights on at dusk and turning them off at a scheduled time.
7. Libraries / Office Buildings/ Fire Halls
- Lighting
- Retrofit T12 fluorescent lamps and standard ballasts with T8 lamps and electronic ballasts
- Use motion sensors in areas with irregular occupancy patterns
- Use timeclocks/photocells on exterior lights
- Convert incandescent/CFL exit signs to LED
- Fans and Pumps
- Reduce fan/pump speed with variable speed drives
- Pump impeller reduction to match flow requirements
- DDC control to replace manual controls and time clocks
- Electric Motors
- Downsize oversized motors for better efficiency
- Retrofit standard motors with premium-efficiency motors
- Boilers
- Install heat recovery stack economizers
- Reset boiler supply water temperature with outdoor air temperature
- Add motorized vent dampers to atmospheric boilers to cutstandby losses
- Optimize the fuel to air ratio for power burners
- Chillers
- Increase cooling setpoints
- Turn off condenser pumps when the corresponding chiller turns off
- Minimize the operation of chilled water pumps and isolate idle evaporators
- Controls
- Use demand controlled ventilation using CO² and occupancy sensors to control outdoor air quantities
- Use DDC systems for AHUs, MAUs, EFs, heat pumps, VAV boxes, electrical heaters and lighting
- Adjust mechanical systems operating schedules to reflect occupancy
- Wider dead band between heating and cooling set-points
- Domestic Hot Water Tanks
- Install point-of-use heaters to eliminate piping heat losses
- Reduce water temperature to only meet the maximum need
- Separate DHW and building heating systems
- Compressed Air Systems
- Reduce pressure to maximum required
- Reduce inlet air temperature
- Sequence control of air compressors
- Repair leaks